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CWAP-405 Exam Questions – Valid CWAP-405 Dumps Pdf
NEW QUESTION # 63
A new firmware has been released for the AP model you use in your WLAN. You have more than 120 of these APs installed.
What is a good reason for applying a firmware update on an enterprise AP?
- A. Enable the short guard interval
- B. Enable new security features and patch vulnerabilities
- C. Disable lower data rates
- D. Enable 4x4:4 spatial streams on a 3x3:3 AP
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 64
Which one of the following is an advantage of using display filters that is not an advantage of capture-time filters?
- A. Multiple of them can be applied simultaneously
- B. They allow for focused analysis on just the packets of interest
- C. They only hide the packets from view and the filtered packets can be enabled for view later
- D. Once created they are reusable for later captures
Answer: C
Explanation:
Display filters are applied after the capture is completed and they only hide the packets from view. The filtered packets are still present in the capture file and can be enabled for view later by changing or removing the display filter. This is an advantage over capture-time filters, which discard the packets that do not match the filter criteria and cannot be recovered later34 References:
* CWAP-403 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 37
* CWAP-403 Objectives, Section 2.3: Apply display filters
NEW QUESTION # 65
How many frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication in the 6 GHz band when WPA3-Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
Two frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication in the 6 GHz band when WPA3-Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead. Authentication is a process that establishes an identity relationship between a STA (station) and an AP (access point) before joining a BSS (Basic Service Set). There are two types of authentication methods defined by 802.11: Open System Authentication and Shared Key Authentication.
Open System Authentication does not require any credentials or security information from a STA to join a BSS, and it consists of two frames: an Authentication Request frame sent by the STA to the AP, and an Authentication Response frame sent by the AP to the STA. Shared Key Authentication requires a shared secret key from a STA to join a BSS, and it consists of four frames: two challenge-response frames in addition to the request-response frames. However, Shared Key Authentication uses WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) as its encryption algorithm, which is insecure and deprecated. In the 6 GHz band, which is a newly available frequency band for WLANs, Shared Key Authentication is prohibited by the 802.11 standard, as it poses security and interference risks for other users and services in the band. The 6 GHz band requires all WLANs to use WPA3-Personal or WPA3-Enterprise encryption methods, which are more secure and robust than previous encryption methods such as WPA2 or WEP. WPA3-Personal uses a passphrase to derive a PMK (Pairwise Master Key), while WPA3-Enterprise uses an authentication server to obtain a PMK. Both methods use SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) as their authentication protocol, which replaces PSK (Pre- Shared Key) or EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). SAE consists of two frames: an SAE Commit frame sent by both parties to exchange elliptic curve parameters and nonces, and an SAE Confirm frame sent by both parties to verify each other's identities and generate a PMK. Therefore, when WPA3-Enterprise is not used, and a passphrase is used instead in the 6 GHz band, only two frames are exchanged for 802.11 authentication: an SAE Commit frame and an SAE Confirm frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 8: Security Analysis, page 220-221
NEW QUESTION # 66
Given: Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) can cause frame corruption and poor performance in WLANs.
You are using a protocol analyzer in the attempt to detect ACI.
What should you look for in such a scenario?
- A. Look at Retry counts
- B. Look at CRC errors
- C. Look for frames with a low signal strength value in the radio tap header
- D. Capture on the channel you think may be impacted by ACI and see if any frames are captured from adjacent channels
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 67
Which one of the following should be the first step when troubleshooting a WLAN issue?
- A. Define the problem
- B. Perform an initial WLAN scan and see if any obvious issues stand out
- C. Identify capture locations
- D. Identify probable causes
Answer: A
Explanation:
The first step in any troubleshooting process is to define the problem. This involves gathering information from various sources, such as users, network administrators, network documentation, and network monitoring tools. Defining the problem helps to narrow down the scope of the issue and identify the symptoms, causes, and effects of the problem12 References:
* CWAP-403 Study Guide, Chapter 1: Troubleshooting Methodology, page 7
* CWAP-403 Objectives, Section 1.1: Define the problem
NEW QUESTION # 68
When configuring a long-term, forensic packet capture and saving all packets to disk which of the following is not a consideration?
- A. Individual trace file size
- B. Total capture storage space
- C. Real-time packet decodes
- D. Analyzer location
Answer: C
Explanation:
Real-time packet decodes are not a consideration when configuring a long-term, forensic packet capture and saving all packets to disk. Real-time packet decodes are useful for live analysis and troubleshooting, but they consume CPU and memory resources that could affect the performance of the capture process. For a long- term, forensic packet capture, it is more important to consider the analyzer location, the total capture storage space, and the individual trace file size. These factors affect the quality and quantity of the captured packets and the ease of post-capture analysis34 References:
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 49
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 2.1: Configure protocol analyzers
NEW QUESTION # 69
What is the formula used to calculate the Duration field value in an RTS frame?
- A. RTS Duration field = Data or management frame to be sent duration + CTS duration
- B. RTS Duration field = CTS duration
- C. RTS Duration field = Data or management frame to be sent duration + CTS duration + one ACK duration + three SIFS
- D. RTS Duration field = Data or management to be sent frame duration
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 70
You are tasked with describing the various frames used in 802.11 communications.
What frame is used for spectrum management, fast BSS transition and some other actions taken within a BSA?
- A. PS Poll
- B. CTS
- C. BlockAck
- D. Action
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 71
You are troubleshooting problems with DHCP in relation to lightweight APs. They vendor class identifier (VCI) is not specified in the DHCP server. When you contact vendor support, they inform you that it is not necessary.
When is this information true?
- A. When the DHCP server is directly connected to the subnet
- B. When only one client option 60 value is required
- C. When only one AP exists on the subnet
- D. When only one client option 43 value is required
Answer: D
Explanation:
The DHCP server should be configured to provide the IP address information to the APs, but it may also be required to pass information for option 43. Option 43 is a vendor information option and can be used for any vendor purpose. The vendor class identifier (VCI) (for example, "Cisco AP c3600") is used with option 60 to determine the appropriate information to return with option 43.
NEW QUESTION # 72
Prior to a retransmission what happens to the CWmax value?
- A. Increases by 1
- B. Reset to 0
- C. Set to the value of the AIFSN
- D. Doubles and increases by 1
Answer: D
Explanation:
Before a retransmission, the CWmax (Contention Window maximum) value doubles and increases by 1. The CWmax is a parameter that determines the upper limit of the random backoff time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. The random backoff time is chosen from a range of values between CWmin (Contention Window minimum) and CWmax. The CWmin and CWmax values depend on the AC (Access Category) of the traffic and the PHY type of the STA. If a transmission fails due to a collision or an error, the STA has to retransmit the frame after waiting for another random backoff time. However, to reduce the probability of another collision, the STA increases its CWmax value by doubling it and adding 1.
This increases the range of possible backoff values and spreads out the STAs more evenly. The STA resets its CWmax value to its original value after a successful transmission or after reaching a predefined limit. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page
196-197
NEW QUESTION # 73
You are considering disabling the data rates of 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 in the 2.4 GHz band.
What advantage might this provide to the networks operating in this band?
- A. Frames that must be transmitted at the lowest common data rate can be transmitted at higher data rates after the change
- B. The antennas will be able to zero in on the higher data rates better
- C. The range of the PHY preamble and header will be reduced
- D. The RF signals will not travel as far
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 74
Protocol analyzers may present field values in either binary, decimal or hexadecimal. What preceeds a hexadecimal value to indicate it is hexadecimal?
- A. %
- B. 0x
- C. HEX
- D. 16x
Answer: B
Explanation:
A hexadecimal value is a value that uses base 16 notation, which means it can have digits from 0 to 9 and letters from A to F.
A hexadecimal value is usually preceded by 0x to indicate that it is hexadecimal and not decimal or binary.
For example, 0x0A is hexadecimal for 10 in decimal or 00001010 in binary. The other options are not valid prefixes for hexadecimal values.
References:
CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 35
CWAP-405Objectives, Section 2.2: Analyze field values
NEW QUESTION # 75
What is the default 802.11 authentication method for a STA when using Pre-RSNA?
- A. Shared Key
- B. Open System
- C. 4-Way Handshake
- D. PSK
Answer: B
Explanation:
The default 802.11 authentication method for a STA when using Pre-RSNA is Open System. This is the simplest and most common authentication method, which does not provide any security or encryption. In Open System authentication, the STA sends an Authentication Request frame to the AP, and the AP responds with an Authentication Response frame with a status code of success. After this, the STA can proceed to association with the AP . References: CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 181; CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 183.
NEW QUESTION # 76
You are attempting to determine timing information within a packet capture of a WLAN protocol analyzer.
What time is used to display the time the packet was captured based on the system clock in the computer?
- A. Interframe
- B. Delta
- C. Arrival
- D. Relative
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 77
In the 2.4 GHZ band, what data rate are Probe Requests usually sent at from an unassociated STA?
- A. 6 Mbps
- B. The minimum basic rate
- C. 1 Mbps
- D. MCS 0
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the 2.4 GHz band, probe requests are usually sent at the minimum basic rate from an unassociated STA. A probe request is a type of management frame that is transmitted by a STA to discover available BSSs in its vicinity. A probe request can be sent on one or more channels in either passive or active scanning mode. In passive scanning mode, a STA listens for beacon frames from APs on each channel. In active scanning mode, a STA sends probe requests on each channel and waits for probe responses from APs. A probe request is usually sent at the minimum basic rate, which is the lowest data rate among the supported rates that is required for all STAs to join and communicate with a BSS. The minimum basic rate can vary depending on the configuration of each BSS, but it is typically one of these values: 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, or 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band. The other options are not correct, as they do not reflect how probe requests are usually sent in the 2.4 GHz band. MCS 0 is a modulation and coding scheme used by 802.11n/ac devices in either band, but it is not a data rate per se. 6 Mbps is a data rate used by OFDM devices in either band, but it is not usually configured as a minimum basic rate in the 2.4 GHz band. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 123-124
NEW QUESTION # 78
When using a commercial WLAN protocol analyzer, you notice that it is listing vendor names for some APs and client STAs.
What is the source of this information?
- A. Broadcast name resolution
- B. Banner grabbing
- C. DNS name resolution
- D. Vendor OUI values
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 79
ABC International has installed a new smart ZigBee controlled lighting system. However, the network team is concerned that this new system will interfere with the existing WLAN and has asked you to investigate the impact of the two systems operating simultaneously in the 2.4 GHz band. When performing Spectrum Analysis, which question could you answer by looking at the FFT plot?
- A. Do the ZigBee channels used by the lighting system overlap with the WLAN channels?
- B. Is the WLAN corrupting ZigBee system messages?
- C. Is the ZigBee system causing an increase in WLAN retries?
- D. Is the ZigBee system using more than 50% of the available airtime?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The FFT plot is a spectrum analysis plot that shows the RF power present at a particular frequency over a short period of time. It can help identify the sources and characteristics of RF signals in the spectrum. By looking at the FFT plot, you can determine which ZigBee channels are used by the lighting system and whether they overlap with the WLAN channels in the 2.4 GHz band. ZigBee channels are 5 MHz wide and WLAN channels are 20 MHz or 40 MHz wide, so there is a possibility of overlap and interference between them. The other questions cannot be answered by looking at the FFT plot alone, as they require other types of plots or analysis tools, such as duty cycle plot, airtime utilization plot, or protocol analyzer. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 69-
70
NEW QUESTION # 80
Which one of the statements regarding the Frame Control field in an 802.11 MAC header is true?
- A. The Frame Control field contains subfields, and soma in 1-bit flags
- B. The Frame Control field is used to communicate the duration value
- C. Only Control frames have a Frame Control field
- D. The Frame Control field is always set to 0
Answer: A
Explanation:
The statement that the Frame Control field contains subfields, and some 1-bit flags is true. The Frame Control field is a 2-byte field in the MAC header that contains information about the type, subtype, and characteristics of a frame. The Frame Control field is divided into several subfields, each with a specific function and length.
Some of these subfields are 1-bit flags, which can be set to 0 or 1 to indicate a certain condition or status. For example, the To DS and From DS subfields are 1-bit flags that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System). The other statements are not true, as they do not describe the Frame Control field correctly. All types of frames (management, control, and data) have a Frame Control field, not just control frames. The Frame Control field is not used to communicate the duration value, which is a separate field in the MAC header. The Frame Control field is not always set to 0, as it varies depending on the type, subtype, and characteristics of each frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 113-114
NEW QUESTION # 81
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